| NOTA |
(★)(The Japan Teachers´ Union, which represents 500,000 elementary and lower secondary school teachers, is an important interest group in Japanese politics. It is especially significant as a radical group operating both within and outside the political system and in direct conflict with conservative government policies in education and other areas of domestic and foreign policy. Donald R. Thurston´s descriptive and analytic study of this most controversial labor union reveals a great deal about Japan´s educational and political systems, and about the teaching profession in Japan and its relations with government and the community. It will therefore be of great interest both to political scientists and to those interested in comparative education. The purpose of this broad cross-sectional case study of the Japan Teachers´ Union was to find out how much influence it has had on its own members and on the formulation and implementation of educational policies. The conclusion is that the union is much more influential at the local level where educational policies are implemented, and changed in the process of implementation, than at the national level where policy is formulated. It also shows that the Japan Teachers´ Union has changed teachers´ attitudes towards their roles, and that although the JTU is attached to the left-wing Japan Socialist Party, it is much more autonomous than has been thought. Donald R. Thurston is Associate Professor of History and Political Science at Union College, Schenectady. Studies of the East Asian Institute, Columbia University. ▼CONTENTS : CHAPTER I.Introduction, CHAPTER II.Prewar Origins - Perception of the Role of the Elementary Teacher／Vulnerability of Prewar Teachers´ Unions／The Prewar Imperial Education Association／The Prewar Teachers´ Union Movement／The Japan Teachers´ Unions´ Association for Enlightenment (Keimeikai), CHAPTER III.Postwar Origins and Struggles - The New Dispensation／Immediate Conditions Stimulating Unionization／Early Postwar Teachers´ Unions／Relationship to the Ministry of Education／Failure of the Collective Bargaining Concept／Major Struggles, 1947-1972, CHAPTER IV.Ideology and Objectives - Ideology／Code of Ethics／Shift in Interpretation／Objectives, CHAPTER V.Organizational Structure and Union Consciousness - Organizational Structure／The Mutual Aid Society／Membership／Style of Leadership／The Miyanohara Line／Union Consciousness, CHAPTER VI.Claims and Demands on the Educational Bureaucracy - Legal Status and Rights／Central Negotiations／Protection of Teachers´ Rights／The Efficiency Rating System／The Nationwide Achievement Tests／The Wage Struggle／Conclusion, CHAPTER VII.Influence on Elections and Legislation - Elections／Legislation, CHAPTER VIII.Conclusion - Influence on the Teacher Members／Influence on the Formulation and Implementation of Educational Policies／Significance to Japanese Politics and Society) |
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