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(★)(Protest and dissent dominate much of the literature on the student in history, whereas comparatively little is written about the daily customs and rituals of the campus. This scholarly neglect of student culture applies especially to non-Western nations, in which the university is often the center of political and social reform. ／In ´Imperial Japan´, as Mr. Roden demonstrates, higher education played a more conservative role, easing the transition from a feudal aristocracy to a new middle-class status group. The institution that was instrumental in controlling the pace of social change within the elite was a university preparatory academy called the higher school. ／Mr. Roden describes how the Japanese higher school, as the functional counterpart to the British public school, flourished from the late nineteenth century through World War II. During this period students and faculty joined in the creation of a distinctive psychological and cultural experience centering on communal life in the dormitory, athletics, and literary studies. Together the rituals and lifestyle of the academies were important in the diffusion of specific intellectual attitudes and behavioral norms that defined status and honor in prewar Japan. ／The abolition of the higher schools during the Allied Occupation was prompted by fears that the institutional loyalties and elitist claims of the students blocked the rise of liberal democracy. Yet many alumni insist that the abandonment of the higher schools in favor of mass higher education has led to an irreversible deterioration of cultural standards. In the concluding chapter Mr. Roden assesses the legacy of the higher schools in light of the ongoing controversy over the revival of preparatory education. ◆Donald T. Roden is a member of the Department of History at Rutgers University, New Brunswick. ▼CONTENTS／ ●ONE／Toward the Foundation of the Higher Schools ●TWO／Between Nation and Campus : The Making of the Higher School Gentleman ●THREE／Seclusion and Self-Government ●FOUR／The Culture of Ceremony ●FIVE／Public Tyranny ●SIX／The Higher School Catharsis ●SEVEN／From Meiji to Taishoo : Broadening Perspectives and Enduring Traditions ●EIGHT／The Higher Schools and Japanese Society／) |
BASE de DATOS, Biblioteca del Centro Cultural de la Embajada de Japon
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