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(★)(Simply because of the language barrier, if for no other reason, many sectors of Japanese scholarship have thus far been inaccessible to international audiences. While technical data on Japanese developments in science and technology have been transmitted with less difficulty into international languages, few attempts have been made to translate into other languages the debates and dynamics that move the Japanese scientists and technologists themselves. Some basic concepts like ´gijutsu´ and ´koogai´ have no precise Western counterparts, and simply to translate them respectively as ´technology´ and ´pollution´ (which, for convenience, we must) obscures the fact that they form part of an independent yet still isolated tradition of unique problems and their answers.／ The person who desires to be truly international in his perspective but does not read Japanese may be annoyed if told that in a linguistically-isolated island country there is a prolonged and serious intellectual struggle which he cannot directly explore very easily. Most of his Japanese counterparts, on the other hand, have been so busy trying to catch up with what is going on outside their own country that they have had no time for or interest in bringing their sense of social and intellectual struggle into the international arena.／ When plans were initiated for the XIVth International Congress of the History of Science to be held in Japan in August, 1974, and especially because of a symposium on the ´professionalization of science´ projected within it, we were faced with the necessity of bridging the gap between Japan and the rest of the world in the way of sensing problems and in the vocabularies used to discuss them. Not overly optimistic about performing such a difficult task, still we felt something must be done to make this gap as narrow as possible, or at least to help make the synposium meaningful. One preparatory step toward that goal, we felt, was to publish in English some of the major contributions of Japanese historians of science.／ This book, then, is a collection of papers considered representative of the main areas of concern among Japanese science historians. PART I consists of discussions of emergent ideologies of science as defined by some of its primary participants. PART II advances the discussion into several areas of exploratory research. PART III focuses on the concern of Japanese science historians with their social environment and some of the scientists´ movements organized to express that concern.／ [from ´INTRODUCTION´, David L. Swain, July 1973] ▼CONTENTS／ ●General Perspective／´History of science : a subject for the frustrated´ (1972)(Nakayama Shigeru)／ ●PART I : EMERGENT IDEOLOGIES OF SCIENCE／1.´Arithmetic in a class society : notes on arithmetic in the European Renaissance´ (1929, Ogura Kinnosuke)／2.´Methodological approaches in the development of the meson theory of Yukawa in Japan´ (1951, Taketani Mituo)／3.´On concepts of technology´ (1969,Hoshino Yoshiroo)／4.´Toward a truly free labor force´ --a review of Nakaoka Tetsuroo´s ´The Future of Man and Labor´ (1971, Shizume Yasuo)／ ●PART II : EXPLORATORY RESEARCH CONCERNS／1.´Reflections on the history of science in Japan´ (1970, Ooya Shin-ichi)／2.´A history of universities : an overview --from the viewpoint of science history´ (1971, Nakayama Shigeru)／3.´The shifting center of scientific activity in the West : from the 16th to the 20th century´ (1962, Yuasa Mitsutomo)／4.´Statistical approaches to the history of science´ (1960-68, Yagi Eri)／ ●PART III : JAPANESE SCIENTISTS AND THEIR SOCIAL CONTEXT／1.´Society for the study of materialism : Yuiken´ (1970, Oka Kunio)／2.´The Japanese research system and the establishment of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research´ (1957, Itakura Kiyonobu and Yagi Eri)／3.´Social conditions for prewar Japanese research in nuclear physics´ (1963, Hirosige Tetu)／4.´The Elementary Particle Theory Group´ (1950, Kaneseki Yoshinori)／5.´Marxism and biology in Japan´ (1967, Nakamura Teiri)／6.´Grass-roots geology : Ijiri Shooji and the Chidan-ken´ (1966, Nakayama Shigeru)／7.´A basic theory of koogai´ (1972, Ui Jun)／ ●An Annotated Bibliography of English Language Works on the Social History of Modern Japanese Science (James Bartholomew)／) |
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