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(*)(Watanabe Hiroshi is professor emeritus at the University of Tokyo and a specialist in the history of Japanese and Asian political thought. Born in Yokohama in 1946, Watanabe graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Tokyo in 1969. After serving as lecturer and associate professor at the university, he became full professor in 1983. He retired in 2010. Since April 2010, Watanabe has been a professor in the Faculty of Law at Hosei University and chairman of the board of the University of Tokyo Press.) (★)(In 1853 a flotilla of U.S. Navy warships led by Commodore Matthew C. Perry arrived in Japan. A scant fourteen years later the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, which had lasted two and a half centuries, was at an end. What lay behind the sudden collapse of samurai rule? Watanabe Hiroshi traces the quiet changes in political thought that culminated in the dramatic events of the Meiji Revolution in 1868. Confucian ideals such as a universal Way and benevolent government under a virtuous ruler possessing the mandate of heaven were taught by successive Japanese Confucians and came to permeate the country, posing an implicit threat to military rule. Over time the development of a national consciousness, the rising prestige of the imperial court in Kyoto, and increased knowledge of the Western world created the conditions for a national debate over opening up to the West- and for radical political change. Quoting extensively from contemporary sources, Watanabe provides a concise but wide-ranging introduction to three centuries of political thought in Japan. In examining the implications of applying Chinese political philosophy to a very different Japanese culture, he offers a fascinating look at early modern Japan, touching upon, for example, the sorrows of the samurai, avenues of protest for the peasantry, sexuality and the social order, and the excitement of new ideas and freedoms in the early Meiji period.) |
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