| NOTA |
(★)(If America is called a ´melting pot´ of different culture, Japan may be the one, too, of sundry currents of religions and philosophy. Even in the pre-Nara period, strong influences of Chinese and Indian thoughts are quite evident. In the middle age of the warriors´ regime, Zen Buddhism comes across the sea over to Japan. Then by the visit of Jesuits in the 16th century European Catholic impact led to great religious and political discussions and it ended up by the civil war of Kirishitan. Even during the closed door policy of the Tokugawa shogunate, Chinese philosophies were imported and translated into Japanese philosophy. The tendency became more dynamic once the country was open to the Western countries in 1868. It reached to a stage that Dr. Reischauer called Japan with her westernized modern attire as a part of the Far West, instead of Far East.／ It may be an interesting question to ask whether there existed or exists any Japanese thought of its own. The question was already raised by such scholars or philologists of the Tokugawa period as KEICHU, KADANO Azumamaro, MOTOORI Norinaga and HIRATA Atsutane who created a school of Kokugaku or National Study which unfortunately came to be one of the guiding principles of nationalistic movement of the late Tokugawa and early Meiji thinkers and politicians.／ The author of this book is Professor of Hindu Philosophy and Dean of the Literature Department at the University of Tokyo. He opened a new horizon of comparative study of Asian thought when he wrote his ´The Ways of Thinking of Eastern Peoples : India-Tibet-Japan (English edition, 1964)´.／ This book is a compilation of the various articles the author has written in different occasions on Japanese thought. There are some repetitious phrases in chapters. But time being limited it was impossible to reedit them entirely. Some revision should be undertaken in later days. (March 1967, Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai, [from ´Foreword´]) ▼CONTENTS／ ●V.MODERN TRENDS --General features of the Tokugawa Period／1.Introductory Remarks／2.Critical Attitude (Consciousness of Ego・Empirical Inquiry・Nature and Natural Law・The Idea of Evolution)／3.Changes in the Valuation of Traditional Symbols (The Problems・Denunciation of Religious Formalism and Stress on Inner Devotion・Denunciation of the Charismatic Authority of the Individual・Denunciation of Religious Differences)／4.Changes in the Valuation of Man (Value of Man as the Supreme (Stress on Human Love)・Equality of Men (Anti-Discrimination)・This-Worldliness・Esteem of Activity in Society and Vocational Ethics・Lay Tendencies in Religion・Approach to the Common People・Service to People・Esteem for Ethical Values as over against Magic and Mysticism・Conclusion) ●VI.MODERN TRENDS --Specific Problems of the Tokugawa Period／1.Religion and Capitalism (The Problem・The Problem in Japanese Tendai・SUZUKI Shoosan and the Ethics of Work : (1)Fundamental Standpoint ・(2)Virtue in All Walks of Life・(3)Labor and Farming・(4)The Ethics of Merchants・(5)Religion in Business・(6)Significance in the History of Thought)／2.The Science of Philosophies --TOMINAGA Nakamoto (1715-1746) and the History of Philosophies (Philological Method・Humanism・Endemic Philosophy・Historical Relativism・The Way of Truth・Particularism) ●VII.PROBLEMS OF JAPANESE PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT／1.Basic Features of the Legal, Political, and Economic Thought (Esteem for Human Nature・The Spirit of Harmony or Concord・The Concept of Law・Nationalism and Imperial Prestige・Economic Activities in This-Worldly Life)／2.Buddhist Influence upon Japanese Ways of Thinking (Introductory Remarks・Humanitarianism・Moral Self-Reflection・Tolerance) ●CONCLUDING WORDS) |
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